Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: High-fat diet mouse model receiving L-glucose supplementations propagates liver injury

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1469952

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolic profile assessment: (A) Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was assessed as indicated in materials and methods. GLUT2 expressions were quantitated by (B) western blot and (C) RT-PCR methods. (D) Serum insulin C-peptide measured by ELISA. (E) Hepatic expression of inulin receptor (IR) was evaluated from liver sections by western blot (F) HOMA2 calculator calculated HOMA-IR. Paired and unpaired Student’s t -test and ANOVA were used for statistically significant differences. p value was compared between RD and HFD control groups or within RD or HFD groups. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-Human/Mouse GYS2 (Proteintech, 22371-1-AP), Rabbit anti-Human/Mouse Glycogen synthase [p Ser641] (Novus bio, NBP2-67315), rabbit anti-human/mouse PYGL antibody (Proteintech, 15851-1-AP), rabbit anti-human/mouse Glut2 polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 20436-1-AP), rabbit anti-human/mouse ADRP/Perilipin 2 Polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 15294-1-AP), rabbit anti-human/mouse Alpha Smooth Muscle antibody (Novus, NBP1-30894), mice anti-human/mouse AKT antibody (R&D, MAB 2055), mice anti-human/mouse phospho-AKT antibody (R&D, MAB 887), rabbit anti-human/mouse Insulin Receptor-beta antibody (Proteintech, 20433-1-AP), and rabbit anti-human/mouse beta Actin polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 20536-1-AP).

Techniques: Western Blot, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Control

Journal: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Template to improve glycemic control without reducing adiposity or dietary fat.

doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00703.2010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Protein abundance and lipid accumulation in tissues of HF-fed mice. Mice were killed in free fed state (to elicit insulin response) 20 wk postinfection. Harvested tissues were flash-frozen and used for Western blots; 3 mice per group were compared. GAPDH was the loading control. Densitometry analysis was used to quantitate protein abundance and compare changes. Changes in Ad36 compared with mock (P 0.05 or better): skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Decreased, phospho-IR, Tyr-phospho-IRS-1 and -2; increased, Ser-phospho-IRS-1, Ras, phospho-Akt. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: increased, Glut1 and Glut4. Adipose tissue: decreased, leptin; increased, adiponectin. Liver: increased, phosphor-AMPK; decreased, Glut2, G-6-Pase. Change in Ad2 vs. mock: no significant changes.

Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked in PBS-Tween-20 containing 3% BSA and incubated with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that recognize total PKB (protein kinase B; Cell Signaling, no. 4691), p-PKB (Ser473; Cell Signaling, no. 9271), Ras (Cell Signaling, no. 3965), GLUT1 (Abcam, no. 35826), GLUT4 (Abcam, no. 14683), GLUT2 (Santa Cruz, no. 9117), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase; Santa Cruz, no. 7291), total glycogen synthase kinase (Santa Cruz, no. 27198), p-glycogen synthase kinase (Ser21; Santa Cruz, no. 16308), total AMPK (Cell Signaling, no. 2603), p-AMPK (Thr172; Cell Signaling, no. 2535), and leptin (Abcam, no. 2095) antibodies, respectively.

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Western Blot, Control

Journal: American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

Article Title: Template to improve glycemic control without reducing adiposity or dietary fat.

doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00703.2010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Working model to explain the antidiabetic effect of Ad36. Overall, data from Figs. 1–3 suggest that, in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver of mice, Ad36 downregulates insulin signaling yet upregulates the Ras-PI3K pathway, which upregulates Glut1 and Glut4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and downregulates Glut2 in liver. Furthermore, Ad36 increases adiponectin, which may activate AMPK. Collectively, this leads to greater glucose uptake by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and reduces hepatic glucose release, which may contribute to Ad36-induced improvement in systemic glycemic control.

Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked in PBS-Tween-20 containing 3% BSA and incubated with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that recognize total PKB (protein kinase B; Cell Signaling, no. 4691), p-PKB (Ser473; Cell Signaling, no. 9271), Ras (Cell Signaling, no. 3965), GLUT1 (Abcam, no. 35826), GLUT4 (Abcam, no. 14683), GLUT2 (Santa Cruz, no. 9117), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase; Santa Cruz, no. 7291), total glycogen synthase kinase (Santa Cruz, no. 27198), p-glycogen synthase kinase (Ser21; Santa Cruz, no. 16308), total AMPK (Cell Signaling, no. 2603), p-AMPK (Thr172; Cell Signaling, no. 2535), and leptin (Abcam, no. 2095) antibodies, respectively.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) Restores Metabolic Flexibility and Mitochondrial Dynamics in Insulin-Resistant Equine Hepatic Progenitor Cells (HPCs)

doi: 10.3390/cells13020152

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of antibodies used in Western blot analysis.

Article Snippet: GLUT2 , 1:500 , orb10726 , Biorbyt.

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Pseudoislet Aggregation of Pancreatic β-Cells Improves Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion by Altering Glucose Metabolism and Increasing ATP Production

doi: 10.3390/cells11152330

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pseudoislet formation alters expression and activity of glycolytic and TCA cycle enzymes. MIN6 cells (passage 26–29) were cultured in either standard cell culture plates (ML) or in un-coated Petri-dishes (PI) for 5 days. ( A , B ) Changes in enzyme activity for glycolytic enzymes ( A ) or TCA cycle enzymes ( B ) was determined on cell lysates from ML and PI and activity corrected for protein content. ( C , D ). Changes in protein expression of HK ( C ) and GLUT2 ( D ) were determined using Western blotting and expressed relative to β-actin. Results are expressed as fold change relative to ML ( A , B ) or as GLUT2 or HK: β-actin ratio ( C , D ). n = 3–8. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, # p < 0.05 using an unpaired t -test.

Article Snippet: Membranes were probed with primary antibody (PIM: HP2-1000Kit, Hypoxyprobe (Burlington, MA, USA); GLUT2: NBP2-22218, Novus Biologicals (Cambridge, UK); HK I: SC-6517, Santa Cruz (Heidelberg, Germany); β-actin: 66009-1-Ig, Proteintech (Manchester, UK)) at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Cell Culture, Western Blot

Journal: Cellular immunology

Article Title: -Silk fibroin preserves beta cell function under inflammatory stress while stimulating islet cell surface GLUT2 expression

doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Following incubation in either silk or alginate at 0.08%, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was recorded for islet cell surface GLUT2 at baseline and in combination with an inflammatory cytokine cocktail, and presented as output ratio MFI (rMFI), the ratio between experimental and isotype MFI values for Mean ± SEM (A), and as percent of cells positive for the GLUT2 surface marker (B). All conditions n ≥ 5. * represents p<0.05.

Article Snippet: Surface GLUT2 Staining Following viability staining, islet samples were incubated first with 250 μL rat anti-mouse GLUT2 primary antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) at 1:100 in MACS Buffer at 4°C for 30 min, and then with Alexa Fluor® 594 AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rat IgG (H+L) secondary antibody diluted at 1:200 (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) in MACS Buffer at 4°C for 30 min. 2.8.2.

Techniques: Incubation, Fluorescence, Marker

Journal: Cellular immunology

Article Title: -Silk fibroin preserves beta cell function under inflammatory stress while stimulating islet cell surface GLUT2 expression

doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Following incubation with either silk or alginate at 0.08%, geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) was recorded for GLUT2 content in permeabilized islet cells at baseline and in combination with an inflammatory cytokine cocktail and presented as output ratio MFI (rGMFI), the ratio between experimental and isotype GMFI values for Mean ± SEM. All conditions n ≥ 5.

Article Snippet: Surface GLUT2 Staining Following viability staining, islet samples were incubated first with 250 μL rat anti-mouse GLUT2 primary antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) at 1:100 in MACS Buffer at 4°C for 30 min, and then with Alexa Fluor® 594 AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rat IgG (H+L) secondary antibody diluted at 1:200 (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) in MACS Buffer at 4°C for 30 min. 2.8.2.

Techniques: Incubation, Fluorescence

Journal: Nature Biotechnology

Article Title: Retrospective analysis of enhancer activity and transcriptome history

doi: 10.1038/s41587-023-01683-1

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Rabbit anti-SLC2A2/Glut2 Cy5 , Bioss, bs-0351R-Cy5 , 1:50, 5 µl per 1 × 10 6 cells.

Techniques: